Known as terre & mer (or earth & sea) Thalgo organic skin care is formulated with the finest ingredients sourced from the sea & the earth. Ingredients which will love, nurture & balance your skin.

terre & mer by Thalgo is more than 99% natural, packaging is made of recyclable plastic and glass and the boxes are printed with plant based inks, are made of cardboard from sustainable managed forests and do not contain excess filling material.

The range includes organic beauty steps incorporating naturalness, authenticity and efficacy which work together to deliver a precise solution to all skin types. The range can be used at home or in salon and allows you to create your own beauty recipes by boosting creams with an addition of a concentrate of essential oils.

What is the Jet Peel ™?

It is an all natural, virtually painless, skin treatment procedure that dramatically improves the appearance and texture of your skin in a rapid manner and provides a discernible enhancement to the recipient from the very first Jet Peel ™ treatment session.

What conditions does the Jet Peel ™ treat?

Jet Peel ™ treatments are highly effective in:

·        Skin texture improvement (post-acne scars, scars)

·        Removal of unwanted pigmentation

·        Removal of sun damage and skin discolouration (Solar Keratosis)  

·        Wrinkle reduction

·        Removal of blackheads and other come done eruptions

·        Overall skin rejuvenation (hydration, oxygenation, deep cleansing and exfoliation).

Jet Peel ™ treatments are also natural, quick, effortless, safe and without any pain or discomfort.

To see the exciting step-by-step Jet Peel Skin Rejuvenation Treatment video presentation, click below:

Check this link to see Jet Peel Clinical Studies Results and Patient Cases

The Jet Peel ™ marketing video you can check here.

Please check also these Jet Peel reviews:

In Oakville Beaver

Beaut.ie the Irish Beauty Blog

The Weekender

How does the Jet Peel ™ work?

This unique procedure works simultaneously on five different levels at once. Each Jet Peel ™ treatment gently “pressure wash” your skin utilizing water, oxygen and other optional medical gases, delivered at supersonic speed. This gentle cleansing unclogs pores and removes any debris that has naturally built-up in the skin over the years. In addition, each treating session provides micro- circulation to the treated area. Your skin will appear more vibrant, smooth and youthful.

Where on the body can Jet Peel ™ treatments be used?

Jet Peel ™ treatments are most commonly performed on the face, neck and décolleté areas. However, they can be easily administered to any area on the body that requires smoothing, deep cleansing and hydration such as the hands, feet, chest, back and even elbows. Acne treatments are often done for deep cleansing and healing enhancement

How many Jet Peel ™ treatments are needed?

Jet Peel ™ treatments are usually administered in a series of treatment sessions. The actual number to be determined by your trained personnel, are based upon the condition you desire to have corrected or improved. Jet Peel ™ treatments are usually performed every 10 to 30 days. Thereafter “touch-up” or “maintenance” treatments are scheduled as needed. Maintenance sessions have proven to be especially helpful in maintaining a patient/client’s skin clarity and “lustre”.

How will I look and feel after a Jet Peel ™ treatment?

During the actual brief treatment session, your skin may well take on either a pink hue or become slightly lighter in color depending upon your skin type. However, within 15 to 30 minutes after the treatment is completed, your skin will typically return to its natural coloration so that you can immediately return to your normal activities without any discomfort.

What are the uses of the Jet Peel ™ system?

Although the Jet Peel ™ is most often used as a “stand-alone” device to correct a multitude of skin problems, many people report that their fastest and most satisfying resolution occurs when Jet Peel ™ treatments were combined with an IPL system in the very same treatment session. Since it is scientifically recognized that the fundamental basis of all cellular growth and repair requires both water and oxygen; the delivery deep within the skin of ample quantities of these essential elements by the Jet Peel ™ exclusive supersonic “infusion-style” technology, may well provide the underlying foundational support for more rapid skin improvement.

Is the Jet Peel ™ a safe treatment procedure?

All Jet Peel ™ treatments are safe for both the patient and the administering staff member. Since the Jet Peel does not use any form of light enhancement, it does not require a physician’s involvement, thus, any trained staff member can legally operate a Jet Peel ™ system. Because the Jet Peel ™is so safe, it has been designated as a medical device unlikely to cause any serious injury.

The FDA Registration Number for the Jet Peel ™ is 9615063.

This article in the PDF Format with case pictures.

ABSTRACT:
JetPeelTM is a new device for cosmetic resurfacing of the facial skin. It
uses a new technology of a two-phase stream that creates a jet comprised
of gas (oxygen) and micro droplets of fluid (saline) accelerated to
supersonic velocities. This jet impacts the skin causing gentle and
accurate cosmetic peeling.
Our preclinical and clinical experience with the JetPeelTM for rejuvenation
of the face is presented. In a group of 50 patients we found the JetPeel TM
technology to be a safe and effective new tool for the usual indications
for facial peeling. It was most useful and effective for perioral peel.
JetPeelTMcan be used in combination with other resurfacing modalities
such as chemical peeling or laser.
Further investigation is needed to explore other applications of this
technology, such as using different combinations of gases and fluids,
and transdermal transfer of medication dissolved in the peeling jet.
INTRODUCTION:
The desire to rejuvenate the skin by resurfacing it is very old and dates
back to the era of ancient Egypt. The oldest record of cosmetic therapies
performed by physicians is the Ebers papyrus (1560 B.C) [1]. Early
resurfacing techniques involved direct application of minerals, plant
extracts, sulphur, mustard or limestone. Renewed interest for facial skin
resurfacing was noted among physicians and surgeons in the early
twentieth century. McKee (1903) was the first to report his experience
with liquid phenol in the treatment of acne scars [2]. Kromayer (1905)
is considered the first to apply mechanical dermabrasion techniques
using rotating wheels and rasps for the treatment of acne scars, keratoses
and pigmentation disorders [3]. After World War II lay peelers rather
than physicians and surgeons developed new techniques and proclaimed
to find the fountain of youth for their patients. Skepticism of the medical
society gradually resolved in the 1960s with data from numerous studies
showing the clinical effectiveness and histological changes in the skin
associated with chemical peeling [4-9].
Traditionally peeling techniques are either chemical or mechanical. In
chemical peeling the chemical solution applied to the face is designed
to cause controlled peeling of the superficial layers of the skin.
In dermabrasion a mechanical device is used to resurface the skin by
removing the same layers. A variety of abrading techniques are available,
the most popular one being a small rotating abrasive wheel applied to
the skin.
Since the early 1990s various types of lasers have been used to resurface
photo aged skin. CO2 Laser was first introduced in a nation-wide
presentation by Roberts in 1995 [10]. Since then, technologies have
been changing and the clinical use has expanded rapidly throughout the
world. Many proponents of Laser resurfacing attest to its accuracy and
predictability of the clinical results obtained by experienced operators.
The various types of peeling techniques share a common denominator:
they all produce a partial thickness injury to the skin. Following the
controlled injury to the skin, wound healing processes ensue regenerating
the epidermis, replacing and reorienting the fibres in the dermis. The
effectiveness of the resurfacing technique is directly related to the depth
of the controlled injury to the skin. The physiologic basis of healing
following either technique rests upon the ability of the skin to regenerate
its epidermal cover by epithelialization through the skin appendages,
primarily the pilosebaceous unit. The result is an improved, more youthful
appearance and texture of the skin.
This article introduces a novel method for skin resurfacing. The JetPeel TM
device is based on a new technology derived from the world of aviation.
A mixture of sterile saline and oxygen passes through an open convergingdiverging
venturi channel, designed to produce supersonic flow
accelerating the solution droplets to approximately 200 m/sec and exitsthrough specialized nozzles as a powerful jet directly onto the desired
area of skin. This high-energy micro droplet spray gently exfoliates
the skin. After removing the epidermal layer additional layers of the
upper papillary dermis can be removed accurately to reach the desired
end point depth as set by the operator.
STUDY OBJECTIVES:
To determine the safety and the efficacy of the JetPeel TM system as
a peeling modality in a preclinical setting and to determine the clinical
results and patient satisfaction with the procedure.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
1. THE TECHNOLOGY
The idea behind the JetPeelTM is derived from the world of aviation
using supersonic flow in nozzles. Liquid medium is propelled by
sub-atmospheric pressure caused by the rapid flow through a parallel
capillary tube. The mixture of liquid and gas is accelerated in an open
converging-diverging venturi channel to reach high velocity using a
two-phase stream and emits through a specially designed nozzle unit.
The jet spray impacts on the skin causing shearing forces strong
enough to peel the epidermal and dermal layers of skin as necessary.
2. THE DEVICE
The device used in this study is the JetPeel TM system manufactured
by TavTech Ltd., (Yehud, Israel). The JetPeelTM system is a portable
device, which produces a spray of liquid mixed with gas under a
predetermined pressure of 7 atmospheres. The jet spray consists of
liquid droplets, 5-200 m in diameter, emitted at a speed of up to 200
m/sec.
The JetPeel TMdevice consists of a control unit, a hand piece, a
footswitch and tubing line accessories. A source of pressurized oxygen
(or any other gas, e.g. nitrogen) is connected to the control unit set
to yield a pressure of 7 atmospheres. A disposable solution bag
supplies the sterile liquid medium needed. The mixture of gas and
fluid occurs inside a sterile, disposable hand piece. A separate suction
hand piece removes gas and debris.
3. PEELING TECHNIQUE
The hand piece is held by the operator at a 45o-90o angle to the skin
surface and at a distance of 2-5 mm from the skin. When the footswitch
is pressed the jet is released from the nozzles. Care is taken to avoid
the eyes and the eyelids. When the jet is applied to the skin a blanching
effect is noticed representing a momentary withdrawal of blood from
the treated skin segment. This serves as an indicator for proper
application of the jet. Gradually the abrasive droplet attack creates
enough mechanical energy for peeling of the epidermis. Slow scanning
advancement of the jet stream is then begun along a line in a forward
direction, exploiting the momentum of power, creating a “front” of
peeling and achieving a uniform depth of removal. Areas for which
the operator wishes to increase the depth of peeling are retreated in
the same manner (for example: along the wrinkle creases in the
perioral area). Punctate bleeding and its intensity after discontinuing
the jet serve as an indicator for the peeling depth.
4. PRECLINICAL STUDY DESIGN:
Since the porcine model is the most closely analogous to human skin,
it was used as the preliminary in vivo model. The porcine model has
been well established in the scientific literature [11].
Four porcine (sus scrofa) of a local strain of Landrace x Large Whites,
aged less than 2 years and weighing about 15 kg, were used as the
experimental model.
After proper acclimatization, fasting and sedation, general anesthesia was
initiated. The back and flank of the anesthetized pigs were clipped, taking
care not to cause injury to the skin, and then scrubbed according to
standard aseptic practices for preparation of skin (Iodine surgical scrub
and Alcohol rinse). A template was used to mark the experimental windows
on each side of the back and flank of the swine.
Skin peeling technique was performed using the JetPeelTM system.
Full thickness 8 mm punch biopsies were taken both immediately prior
to the procedure and at 7 and 14 post treatment days during the healing
phase.
Evaluation was based on gross and microscopic examinations of the
biopsies. The parameters examined included peeling depth, dermal
inflammation and re-epithelalization.
5. CLINICAL STUDY DESIGN:
The study group consisted of 50 healthy adult volunteers who agreed to
participate in our study. The study was conducted in accordance with the
Helsinki committee regulations for human experiments.
The indications for treatment were: sun damaged skin, facial rhytids,
pigmentation disorders and post-acne facial scarring.
Periocular skin and eyelids were excluded from treatment.
For partial facial procedures the treatment area was anesthetized locally
using 5% EMLA cream in all cases. Facial blocks using 2% Lidocaine
with 1:200,000 Adrenaline were used as necessary. Full-face procedures
were done under general anesthesia or IV sedation.
The skin was aseptically prepared and draped using a Betadine solution
mixed with normal saline at a ratio of 1:1.
The procedure was continued until the end result as desired by the operator
was reached, judged clinically by direct vision and the intensity of punctate
bleeding.
At the end of the procedure petroleum jelly (Vaseline) was evenly applied
to cover the entire treatment area. An open treatment regime was used
postoperatively and the patients were instructed to cleanse the treated
area with warm tap water and mild soap twice daily and then to apply a
fresh thin layer of Vaseline.
All the patients were given oral Acyclovir 200 mg 5 times daily from a
day prior to the procedure until healing was complete.
RESULTS:
PRECLINICAL:
Biopsies taken from the treated skin showed the effects of removing the
epidermis and the upper dermis. Healing was uneventful, occurring from
7 to 14 days post treatment. There were no wound healing complications
(e.g. infection, delayed healing, etc.). Clinical and histological examinations
proved that the JetPeelTM achieved the desired peeling effect.
CLINICAL:
The study group consisted of 50 healthy adult volunteers, 40 females and
10 males (age 19-62; mean 38)
The indications for treatment were: sun damaged skin, facial rhytids, skin
pigmentation and post-acne facial scarring.
Treatment areas were: concealed retro auricular skin in the preliminary
10 cases, partial facial areas (especially perioral) in 32 and full-face
peeling in 8.
Healing course was smooth and uneventful. Re-epithelialization occurred
within 7 to 9 days depending on the depth and location of the area treated.
Regular follow-up visits were scheduled at predetermined intervals, the
longest follow up to date being 24 months.
The overall length of treatment ranged 5-70 minutes.
The healing phase was very smooth and easy. Erythema was noted during
the first 2-4 weeks post peeling. All the patients were instructed to abstain
from the sun as much as possible and to use sunscreens with SPF >= 30
whenever sun exposure was inevitable.
The aesthetic results as judged both by the patients and by the medical
staff were good to excellent and patient satisfaction was high.
COMPLICATIONS:
We noted only a few cases of complications, all of which were minor:
One case of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection was noted in a 40
year old female with post-acne scarring after a full-face jet peeling
procedure despite preventive treatment with Acyclovir. The patient
was noticed to have pain, erythema and some small vesicles on her
face. The dose of Acyclovir was increased to a therapeutic level given
intravenously and an antibiotic treatment was added. Healing was
complete with excellent results and no scarring.
Three cases of hyper pigmentation, presumably related to sun exposure,
were treated conservatively with Hydroquinone and Isotretinoin based
products with satisfactory improvement.
One case of subcutaneous emphysema of the lower eyelid was
encountered when the treatment was too close to the periocular area.
The emphysema, although troublesome both to the surgeon and to the
patient, subsided in 2-3 hours without any sequelae.
This unique complication is due to subcutaneous penetration and
dissection of the jet stream in a very loose and thin type of skin. The
best way to avoid it is to exclude areas of thin skin (usually the eyelids)
from treatment, and to use eye-blocking goggles as a means of protection
from inadvertent passage of the jet to emphysematous prone areas.
DISCUSSION:
Whenever a new technology, method or technique is introduced it must
prove itself to be superior or at least as good as older “traditional”
methods. It is commonly said that a new technology is not necessarily
good or better, but every good and useful technology was once new.
The most appealing parameters about the JetPeelTM are its simplicity,
efficacy and safety.
The results show that the JetPeelTM system is a safe and effective device
that achieves mechanical peeling through natural resources such as
saline and oxygen. It avoids potentially harmful processes like burns
and does not create an eschar of dead tissue.
It appears to be less bloody and cumbersome as compared with
traditional dermabrasion devices. The device is quite easy to operate
and mandates only minimal dexterity from the operator with a short
learning curve as noted by ourselves.
The resources needed for applying the JetPeel TMtechnology (saline
and pressurized gas) aside from the JetPeel TM device itself are readily
available in most medical facilities. It is an accurate tool that can be
applied to the desired area without any significant collateral damage.
It is a versatile tool which allows for “fine tuning” of the peeling depth
by controlling gas pressure and number of passes, thus meeting the
requirements of different areas of skin simultaneously. Since the skin
is actually peeled off it is not left to become necrotic and slough later.
It is our clinical impression that healing is somewhat smoother and
swifter as compared to other peeling modalities.
We find the JetPeel TMespecially efficient in treating the perioral region.
The ability to achieve different depths of penetration in this area is of
significant importance.
The JetPeelTM technology can be used in combination with other peeling
techniques, for example combining the accuracy of the JetPeel TM in the
perioral area with the speed of a chemical peel in the rest of the face.
We believe that further applications of the JetPeel TMtechnology should
be carefully examined. One example is the use of various combinations
of liquids with gases that may prove to be superior to others. Another
example is the potential transdermal transfer of medications, passing
the skin barrier. This type of transdermal transfer deserves serious
investigation and might be a useful vector for introduction of various
medications, from vitamins to growth factors, for various therapeutic
purposes.
It is possible that tissue oxygenation during the treatment with the
JetPeelTM device contributes to the accelerated wound healing that was
noticeable in this study.
Another application is already in use: a very superficial peeling is
performed by para-medical staff for indications like post rhinoplasty
intense skin treatment or post Laser eschar removal.

CONCLUSIONS:
These are the first published results from an ongoing study.
We find several advantages for the use of the JetPeel TM
technology as a peeling technique: it is safe, accurate and
versatile. Perioral rhytids, which are numerous creeks
compacted closely together, best demonstrate the advantage
of JetPeel TM technology as it has the added ability to treat each
wrinkle separately. The healing process was noticed to be very
smooth and easy. Our patients were very satisfied with the
treatment and the results.
The KISS principle (Keep It Safe and Simple) strongly applies
to the JetPeel TM system. Further applications of this technology
should be investigated.
REFERENCES:
1.Ebbell B, translator: The papyrus Ebers: The greatest Egyptian
medical document, Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard; 1937
2.McKee G-M, Karp F-L: The treatment of post acne scars
with phenol, Br J Dermatol 1952; 64:456
3.Kromayer E: The cosmetic treatment of skin complaints,
New York: Oxford University Press; 1930 (English translation
of 2nd German edition, 1929)
4.Brown A-M, Kaplan L-M, and Brown M-E Phenol-induced
histological skin changes: hazards, technique and uses. Br J
Plast Surg 1960; 13:158
5.Fitzpatrick R-E, Tope W-D, Goldman M-P et al. Pulsed
carbon dioxide laser, trichloroacetic acid, Baker-Gordon phenol,
and dermabrasion: a comparative clinical and histological
study of cutaneous dermabrasion in a porcine model. Arch
Dermatol 1996; 132:469-471
6.Speyer M-T, Reinisch L, Kooper K-A et al. Erythema after
cutaneous laser dermabrasion using a porcine model. Arch
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 124:1008-1013
7.Kauvar A-N, Geronemus R-G. Histology of laser
dermabrasion. Dermatol Clin 1997; 15:459-465
8.Fitzpatrick R-E, Ruiz-Esparza J, Goldman M-P The depth
of thermal necrosis using the CO2 laser: a comparison of the
super pulsed mode and conventional mode. J Dermatol Surg
Oncol 1991; 17:340-344
9. Stuzin JM, Baker TJ, Baker TM: Treatment of photo aging:
facial chemical peeling In: Achauer BM, Eriksson E, Guyuron
B, Coleman JJ, Russel RC, Vander Kolk CA, eds. Plastic
Surgery Indications, Operations and Outcomes St. Louis:
Mosby Inc.; 2000:2435-2456
10.Roberts TL: The ultrapulsed CO2 laser: an important new
tool in the aesthetic plastic surgeon’s armamentarium. Presented
at the annual meeting of the American Society for Aesthetic
Plastic Surgery, San Francisco March 1995
11. Ross E-V, Naseef G-S, McKinlay J-R, et al. Comparison
of carbon dioxide laser, erbium:YAG laser, dermabrasion, and
dermatome: a study of thermal damage, wound contraction,
and wound healing in a live pig model: implications for skin
resurfacing. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42:92-105

Caring for your skin from within

IMEDEEN is a different approach to caring for your skin that goes hand-in-hand with your topical skincare regime to optimize the quality and youthful appearance of your skin.

IMEDEEN’s active ingredients are brought to the skin from within to effectively promote a healthy, supple and radiant skin, reducing the visible signs of aging. And it’s not just the face that benefits: skin all over the body feels smoother, firmer, more supple and well moisturized.

Skin aging begins within

While we tend to think of the signs of aging such as fine lines, wrinkles and dryness as a phenomenon that affects the outer layer of our skin – the epidermis, they are actually the visible symptoms of changes occurring much deeper in the skin’s structure – the dermis.

Daily, the dermis is under attack from environmental factors such as UV exposure. Harmful UV-rays from the sun are known to general-free radicals in the skin which break down collagen and elastin fibres in the dermis. Signs of aging such as dryness, age spots, visible capillaries, fine lines and wrinkles are a result of the daily negative effects of free radicals on the dermis.

For more than a decade, women all around the world have turned to IMEDEEN to improve the texture and appearance of aging skin.

Link to Source.

*** This is a quick summary, you’ll find the complete story on our Web site. You can simply click the link below to read this latest skincare and beauty post which contains great information, pictures and links.*** We deliver this content right to your inbox! Simply subscribe to Beauty Insider.

Source.

• Reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles
• Improves skin quality and moisture balance
• Helps protect collagen and elastin fibres against harmful UV rays
• Makes skin on face and body feel softer and more supple

“The efficacy of Imedeen Plus was tested under rigorous conditions and the results were very impressive. The Imedeen product showed statistically significant improvements over placebo for the Investigator’s clinical grading, instrumental measurements and the women’s own evaluation. These results are among the best that I have seen”.

DOCUMENTED RESULTS:
Abstract and Oral presentation: A placebo controlled study of an oral supplement (Imedeen Plus®) in improving the appearance of photodamaged skin. EADV 2003, October 16^th -18^th, Barcelona.

Abstract and Poster presentation: A randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded study of Imedeen plus ^tm oral supplement in improving the appearance of photoaged skin. SCC2003, December 4^th -6^th , New York.

Abstract and Poster presentation: A Placebo controlled study of an Oral Supplement in Improving the Appearance of Photoaged Skin Improvement. AAD 2004, February 6^th – 10^th , Washington DC.

SCIENTIFIC STUDY ON IMEDEEN PLUS - DR ODILE DAMOUR – LABORATORY FOR SKIN SUBSTITUTES, LYON, FRANCE

The technique of growing a fully developed 3-D skin equivalent in a laboratory environment was perfected by renowned French scientist, Dr Odile Damour and is widely used for testing the mode of action of various skincare ingredients and products.

In the study, Imedeen Plus active ingredients were used in the same ratio as in the original tablet to feed the skin cells of the skin equivalent. The effects of the ingredients were measured and compared to the control cultures which had been developed in parallel without supplementation.

The results were impressive. Compared to the controls, the skin equivalent supplemented with Imedeen Plus ingredients showed a substantial increase in the density of the dermis. Detailed investigation also showed an increased amount of protein fibres - the elements that give skin its strength and elasticity.

“In all the years I have been developing ‘in-vitro’ skin cultures, the dermal structure achieved after the addition of the Imedeen Plus ingredients was among the best ever observed”.

DOCUMENTED RESULTS:
Abstract and Poster presentation: Improvement of dermal extracellular matrix structure and composition after treatment with Imedeen Plus in an in vitro skin equivalent . Bouez C, Damour O, Vicanova J. 1st Joint Meeting of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin & International Society for Skin Imaging. Hamburg, 21 - 24 May 2003.

Source.

Investigations (Anderson et Al) has clearly demonstrated that a flash of
high intensity light penetrated through the epidermis, is absorbed and
assimilated in the hair bulbous region, and acts as inhibitor to the hair
follicle through temporarily temperature rise and agglutination.

The follicle has several parts that interest us.
Dermal papilla - The dermal papilla directs and dictates the embryonic
generation of a hair follicle and it also retains this instructive ability
throughout the life of the hair follicle. It consists of a highly active group
of cells shown to be capable of inducing follicle development from the
epidermis and production of hair fiber (Oliver 1966a, Oliver 1966b,
Oliver 1967).
The bigger the Dermal Papilla is, the more cells it has - the thicker the
hair fiber that the hair follicle produces.

Basement Lamina - a thin layer of cells that separates the Dermal Papilla
form the hair sheath cells. Providing a barrier between the dermis and
 epidermis.

Matrix cells - Epidermal derived cells close to the Dermal Papilla. These
cells remain undifferentiated and focus on multiplying and proliferating
to produce more cells. Those cells made in the center of the hair follicle
are destined to become part of the hair fiber and are called Cortex
(cortical) cells.

Cortex Cells - Cells that are made by the matrix cells, aimed to become a
part of the hair fiber.

As these cells multiply, the constant stream of production pushes the cells
upward towards the skin surface. As they move up the hair follicle they
begin to differentiate into particular cell types. The cortex cells change
from a round into a flattened appearance. They are squeezed together into
layers (lamella). If the hair follicle contains melanocyte cells then
melanin pigment is incorporated into the cortex cells. These cortex cells
become keratinized and harden. As they do so it becomes impossible for
the cells to function properly and the cells die. The keratinized cells are
then pushed away from the hair bulb region and upwards as new cells
come in behind. The cortex cells are now part of the dead keratinized
fiber. Which is the hair that we see.

Capillaries - small blood vessels that brings food and oxygen to the hair
follicles and takes away the CO2 and waste of the cells metabolic cycle.

When we give a pulse of light, the light penetrates the epidermis and
absorbs in the cells.

The darker the area the more energy it will absorb. As you can see in the
picture, the darkest area is the area of the matrix cells (the cells that
produce the hair fiber cells). That is because of the melanin, which is
inside these cells.

Another dark area is the Capillaries area - especially the capillaries that
have vain blood in them. Vain blood is darker because it has hemoglobin,
which is not attached to oxygen.

When we give a pulse of light many matrix cells are coagulated and stop
 functioning.

Matrix cells that are not coagulated are triggered to activate their calcium
pumps. According to Friedmann (1993), a high intensity light pulse will
cause a vast calcium release from mitochondria into cytoplasm. The
hyperactivity of Ca+2 pumps exhausts the ATP (an energy molecule) pool
of the cell, thereby inhibiting cell metabolism resulting in the production
of less Cortex Cells and therefor - less hair or more feathery hair.

Another effect of the light pulse is the clotting of the vain blood in the
capillaries. The clotting disturbs the blood flow to the hair follicle
meaning less food and oxygen are delivered to the hair follicle, resulting
in a smaller ability to produce hair.

These three effects are the cause of the hair removal. The coagulation is
the main reason but the other two effects contribute to the hair loss as
 well.

The Record 618 delivers enough light energy, in the right wavelength, in
order to cause these effects but avoids from too much energy that might
influence other areas of the skin.

 
Figure 1: The construction of the hair bulbous
 Another dark area is the Capillaries area - especially the capillaries that have vain blood in them. Vain blood is darker because it has deoxyhemoglobin, which is not attached to oxygen. 
When we give a pulse of light many matrix cells are coagulated and stop functioning .
Matrix cells, which are not coagulated, are triggered to activate their calcium pumps. According
to Friedmann (1993)[19], a high intensity light pulse will cause a vast calcium release from mitochondria into cytoplasm. The hyperactivity of Ca+2 pumps exhausts the ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate - an energy molecule) pool, denies it form the cells, thereby inhibiting cell metabolism resulting in the production of less Cortex Cells and therefor - less hair or more feathery hair and less terminal hair.
Another effect of the HIPL\GEM is the clotting of the vain blood in the capillaries. The clotting disturbs the blood supply to the hair follicle meaning less food and oxygen are delivered to the hair follicle, resulting in a smaller ability to produce hair.
These three effects cause hair reduction and removal. The coagulation is the main reason but the other two effects contribute to the hair loss as well.
Active Optical System’s aim is to achieve 80% hair growth reduction -according to the FDA definition.
90 % of hair growth sites are in the region of 3 mm under skin surface, most of them imbedded in the dermis.  With the HIPL\GEM technology we focus the energy on the hair grow sites.
In order to have effective hair reduction and removal significant energies must be applied to the skin. Two antagonist factors must be taken in consideration for successful result: each follicle must be damaged, but the surrounding tissue, especially the epidermis must be protected from damage. Using long wavelength (1100 nm), are much more suitable for deep hair reduction because of reduced scattering in the dermis, and greater penetration depth [5]. The use of broadband light spectrum, gives the advantage of “energizing” the hair follicles [7]. This technique is very effective for hair reduction, as it operates on all the types of hair (not white), and supplies the needed energy to diminish it. The melanin can be effectively targeted by the intense light source throughout the visible light spectrum [4].
Hair growth is a cycle with four stages. The best time to target a follicle is when it is at the first hair growth phase - the Anagen phase. In this phase we will find the largest concentration of melanin and blood supply, which means that in this phase we find the biggest color differentiation between the follicle and its surrounding tissues .
Targeting the follicle at this phase provides us with the best conditions to destroy the hair follicle.
If we fail to destroy the follicle at this phase, the follicle will continue the hair growth cycle and eventually return once more to the Anagen stage according to its natural cycle. The duration of each phase changes according to the anatomical location and varies between several weeks to several months.   
When we apply energy to the skin, the principle of Photothermolysis and the thermal relaxation time should be considered [4,5]. The term of thermal relaxation time is used to determine the limitation of the thermal damage when a designated target absorbs the energy of a given wavelength in a specified period of time. With the right combination of wavelength, duration and energy, it is possible to target a hair follicle without causing any injury to the surrounding tissue. Taking in consideration all the factors mentioned above, we found, that if the light source delivers its energy through a large beam (greater area), short duration (concentrated energy), high intensity (better penetration) and low repetition rate (larger time to cool), an increase of penetration and follicle destruction occurs [16, 17, 18].
This enhances the chance of affecting large area of growth centers, and a greater chance of hair follicle destruction. Moreover, in order to protect the epidermal melanin from damage, a water based cooling gel is applied on the skin surface .
In this research we investigated the abilities of the HIPL\GEM technology and its implementation in Active’s machines to achieve permanent hair reduction without significant unwanted side effects.
  
Materials and Methods
In order to conduct this research we used two kind of machines: Crystal 512 (commercial-lamp lifetime 100.000 pulses) and Record 618 (industrial-lamp lifetime 200.000 pulses), all other specifications are identical. Both machines practice the HIPL\GEM technology .
The machines are approved by governmental CFS and withstand the medical safety standard IEC 60601-1, IEC 601-1-2 and the CSA standard for Canada and the US. The machines use a technology that manages to concentrate the bulk of the energy to a precise geometric plane, positioned on the selected target (hair follicles, pigmentation, vascular lesions, acne, herpes, skin rejuvenation etc .
Both machines have a broadband wavelength from 450nm up to 1100nm. Large spot size 15x50mm, pulse repetition rate is of 3 to 4 Seconds. The maximum energy, which can be delivered, is 22 J/cm2.
Twelve fully automated computerized programs, intended for most skin types and hair colors, designate the fluency of each pulse (J/cm2).
Due to the targeting, no excessive heat “overloads” the adjacent tissue, this makes the treatment efficient and painless.
The research was conducted in Israel, a sunny country whose population has a high diversity of skin colors. The diversity of skin colors allows us to get a representing picture of the world population from which we can implement on the whole world population .
Since Israel is a sunny country many people are tanned. Tanned skin allows us to use less energy since it will absorb energy just like the follicle’s melanin. Due to smaller color differentiation selective photothermolysis is harder to achieve. The meaning is that if the machines perform well in Israel they will perform well and even better in countries with cooler weather. 
The research was conducted on 2992 patients in order to supply the research team with reliable results that can give a good indication on the machine’s performance.
The research was conducted in 73 different clinics for three years in order to check the performance of the machines compared with the FDA definitions of hair removal and hair reduction.
The aim was to check if the machines could reach 80% of permanent hair reduction without
significant side effects.
During the research each patient was treated according to the manufacturer’s guidelines and protocol. All treatments and patients where monitored and treatment specifications and results where collected.
The treatment intervals and energy where adjusted specifically for each patient, considering skin color, treatment area, hair type. The sensitivity of each new patient was checked to determine the optimal computerized program to be used.
In cases, where the site to be treated is covered with dense hair, pre-shaving was done, to prevent energy absorption by the hair on top of the skin and allow clear way to the hair follicle.
Experience and professional judgment were used to determine the ideal treatment parameters for each patient, this was determined by delivering several test pulses at an inconspicuous site, with equivalent pigmentation, starting at low energy fluency and slowly increasing the energy fluency. Undesirable effects, such as pain, itching, redness, transient erythema, edema, whitening and blistering were to be avoided. Only after the program to be used, is defined for each new patient, the actual treatment at the pre determined sites begin.
 
Results
As mentioned before, 2992 patients were treated with the machines. Each patient was treated with a preset computerized program, appropriate for his skin color, type of hair, the treated area, the hair color, the patient sensitivity etc.
The treatments were preformed on a variety of the body locations except the eyes, the nipples and other sensitive location according to the patient sensitivity .
The fluency used was designated according to many factors, but the main factors taken in consideration were the skin color and the hair color.
The patients received a total of 27763 treatments with the average of 9.3 treatment for each patient .
We can clearly see from Fig.2 that 77.17% (2309 patients - see Fig.3) of the treated patients reached at least 80% of permanent hair reduction. These patients received more than 10 treatments per patient.
9.19% (275 - see Fig.3) patients reached at least 70% of permanent hair reduction - see Fig.2.
Only twenty one patients (see Fig.4) developed mild side effects (0.702% - see Fig.5) which is completely negligible, 16 patients had mild erythema, 3 patients had mild swelling with extremely mild edema, 2 patients felt itching, all the symptoms disappeared within 24 - 48 hours post treatment.
All results were evaluated after completing the treatment session. The first two treatments were done two weeks apart from each other. Each time the treatment was evaluated. The treatments continued with intervals according to the patient’s hair growth cycle timing - until the patient
was satisfied according to the promised expectations.

Source: article

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